U01_exp_flat

U01_exp_flat

field	type	description
ind_id	int64	Unique entrepreneur id
org_id	string	Unique id of the organization founded by the entrepreneur, or where she worked/studied
jt_raw_id	string	Id of the job title (raw)
exp_sy	float64	Work experience starting year
exp_ey	float64	Work experience end year. Note: the variable takes the value 2020 for work experiences that were ongoing at the time of data collection (ca. 2020).
exp_ey_ongoing	dummy	Equals 1 if exp_ey was missing and it was imputed with 2020 (i.e., exp_sy was not missing and we can assume that the work experience was ongoing at the time of data collection, ca. 2020).
seq	int64	Sequence number. Indicates the order of occurrence of the work/education experiencce (after imputing exp_ey with 2020 in the case of ongoing work experiences).
_seq_src	float64	Sequence number. Indicates the order in which the work/study experience entry was (manually) collected from LinkedIn
ind_name	string	Entrepreneur’s full name
exp_org_parsed	string	Name of the organization where the entrepreneur worked, or that she founded (parsed)
org_matched	dummy	Equals 1 if the organization was matched to an external database, and zero otherwise and 0 otherwise
has_bvd_id	dummy	Equals 1 if the organization was matched to Orbis and 0 otherwise
bvd_sector	string	Organization sector (Orbis)
jt_job_rank	string	Job title’s rank
jt_funct_area	string	Job title’s functional area
founder_owner	dummy	Equals 1 if the entrepreneur is founder and/or owner of the org_id and 0 otherwise
founder	dummy	Equals 1 if the entrepreneur is the founder of the org_id and 0 otherwise
owner	dummy	Equals 1 if the entrepreneur is the owner of the org_id and 0 otherwise
investor	dummy	Equals 1 if the entrepreneur is an investor in the org_id and 0 otherwise
shareholder	dummy	Equals 1 if the entrepreneur is a shareholder of the org_id and 0 otherwise
first_year_in_firm	float64	The first (i.e., min) year in which the entrepreneur worked at org_id
min_exp_sy_founder	float64	The first (min) year when the entrepreneur worked as owner/founder of the org_id
byear_min	float64	Birth year (estimated)

U02_edu_flat

U02_edu_flat

field	type	description
ind_id	int64	Unique entrepreneur id
org_id	string	Unique id of the organization founded by the entrepreneur, or where she worked/studied
edu_prg_id	string	Unique id of the study program
edu_sy	float64	Study program starting year
edu_ey	float64	Study program ending year
edu_ey_imputed	dummy	Equals 1 if edu_ey was missing, but a year was imputed combining edu_sy and the ISCED level (bachelor: +3, master: +1, phd: +4, tertiary: +3).
seq	int64	Sequence number. Indicates the order of occurrence of the work/education experiencce (after imputing exp_ey with 2020 in the case of ongoing work experiences).
_seq_src	float64	Sequence number. Indicates the order in which the work/study experience entry was (manually) collected from LinkedIn
ind_name	string	Entrepreneur’s full name
edu_org_parsed	string	Name of the organization where the entrepreneur studied (parsed)
org_matched	dummy	Equals 1 if the organization was matched to an external database, and zero otherwise and 0 otherwise
has_bvd_id	dummy	Equals 1 if the organization was matched to Orbis and 0 otherwise
bvd_sector	string	Organization sector (Orbis)
edu_prg_parsed	string	Name of the study program
edu_prg_isced_level	string	Study program’s pseudo-ISCED level
edu_prg_isced_field	string	Study program’s ISCED field
byear_min	float64	Birth year (estimated)

U03_entrepreneur_dyads

U03_entrepreneur_dyads

field	type	description
ind_id_left	int64	Entrepreneur id (left, where <>_left and <>_right identify a dyad)
ind_id_right	int64	Entrepreneur id (right, where <>_left and <>_right identify a dyad)
cofounders	dummy	Equals 1 if ind_id_left and ind_id_right co-founded a firm and 0 otherwise
org_id_left	string	Org_id of the organization founded by ind_id_left
org_id_right	string	Org_id of the organization founded by ind_id_right
min_founding_year_left	int64	Minimum (earliest) founding year of the organization founded by ind_id_left
min_founding_year_right	int64	Minimum (earliest) founding year of the organization founded by ind_id_right
min_founding_year_both	int64	Minimum between min_founding_year_left and min_founding_year_right
counterf_win_1yr	dummy	Equals 1 if both organizations were founded within a period of 1 year
counterf_win_2yr	dummy	Equals 1 if both organizations were founded within a period of 2 year
counterf_same_industry	dummy	Equals 1 for rows where cofounders=1 OR for counterfactual dyads in the same industry-year (see text)
mkt_size_left	float64	Founders’ “market size”: The number of distinct startups founded in the same industries of org_id_left and in the same min_founding_year_left
mkt_size_right	float64	Founders’ “market size”: The number of distinct startups founded in the same industries of org_id_right and in the same min_founding_year_right
counterf_same_sector	dummy	Equals 1 for rows where cofounders=1 OR for counterfactual dyads in the same sector-year (see text)
has_exp_left	dummy	Equals 1 if ind_id_left has prior work experience and 0 otherwise
has_exp_right	dummy	Equals 1 if ind_id_right has prior work experience and 0 otherwise
has_exp_both	string	Number of entrepreneurs in the dyad that have prior experience: equals ‘one’ if only one entrepreneur has, ‘both’ if both have it and ‘none’ if no one has
same_org	dummy	Equals 1 if ind_id_left and ind_id_right worked for the same organization in the past and 0 otherwise
same_org_nr	int64	Number of organizations wherein ind_id_left and ind_id_right both worked (not necessarily at the same time) prior to co-founding the focal startup
same_org_time	dummy	Equals 1 if ind_id_left and ind_id_right worked for the same organization in the past and their spells overlapped at least one year, and 0 otherwise
same_org_time_nr	int64	Number of organizations wherein ind_id_left and ind_id_right both worked (with at least one year of overlap) prior to co-founding the focal startup
same_org_time_last_shared_yr	float64	When the focal cofounders worked for the same organization during the same time (even if their spells don’t overlap perfectly), this variable indicates the last year when they worked together. When the value is equal or greater than “min_cofounding_year_both” (the year they co-founded the real/conterfactual startup), this variable indicates that focal cofounders were co-workers at the time of founding.
same_org_duo	dummy	Equals 1 if ind_id_left and ind_id_right worked for the same organization (at the DUO-level) in the past and 0 otherwise
same_org_duo_nr	int64	Number of organizations (duo-level) wherein ind_id_left and ind_id_right both worked (not necessarily at the same time) prior to co-founding the focal startup
same_org_duo_time	dummy	Equals 1 if ind_id_left and ind_id_right worked for the same organization (at the DUO-level) in the past and their spells overlapped at least one year, and 0 otherwise
same_org_duo_time_nr	int64	Number of organizations (duo-level) wherein ind_id_left and ind_id_right both worked (with at least one year of overlap) prior to co-founding the focal startup
same_org_duo_time_last_shared_yr	float64	When the focal cofounders worked for the same organization (DUO level) during the same time (even if their spells don’t overlap perfectly), this variable indicates the last year when they worked together. When the value is equal or greater than “min_cofounding_year_both” (the year they co-founded the real/conterfactual startup), this variable indicates that focal cofounders were co-workers at the time of founding.
same_org_guo	dummy	Equals 1 if ind_id_left and ind_id_right worked for the same organization (at the GUO-level) in the past and 0 otherwise
same_org_guo_nr	int64	Number of organizations (guo-level) wherein ind_id_left and ind_id_right both worked (not necessarily at the same time) prior to co-founding the focal startup
same_org_guo_time	dummy	Equals 1 if ind_id_left and ind_id_right worked for the same organization (at the GUO-level) in the past and their spells overlapped at least one year, and 0 otherwise
same_org_guo_time_nr	int64	Number of organizations (guo-level) wherein ind_id_left and ind_id_right both worked (with at least one year of overlap) prior to co-founding the focal startup
same_org_guo_time_last_shared_yr	float64	When the focal cofounders worked for the same organization (GUO level) during the same time (even if their spells don’t overlap perfectly), this variable indicates the last year when they worked together. When the value is equal or greater than “min_cofounding_year_both” (the year they co-founded the real/conterfactual startup), this variable indicates that focal cofounders were co-workers at the time of founding.
same_sector	dummy	Equals 1 if ind_id_left and ind_id_right worked in the same bvd sector in the past and 0 otherwise
same_sector_nr	int64	Number of sectors wherein ind_id_left and ind_id_right both worked (not necessarily at the same time) prior to co-founding the focal startup
same_sector_time	dummy	Equals 1 if ind_id_left and ind_id_right worked in the same bvd sector in the past and their spells overlapped at least one year, and 0 otherwise
same_sector_time_nr	int64	Number of sectors wherein ind_id_left and ind_id_right both worked (with at least one year of overlap) prior to co-founding the focal startup
same_sector_time_last_shared_yr	float64	When the focal cofounders worked in the same sector during the same time (even if their spells don’t overlap perfectly), this variable indicates the last year when they worked together. When the value is equal or greater than “min_cofounding_year_both” (the year they co-founded the real/conterfactual startup), this variable indicates that focal cofounders were working in the same sector at the time of founding.
same_funct_area	dummy	Equals 1 if ind_id_left and ind_id_right worked in the same functional area in the past and 0 otherwise
same_funct_area_nr	int64	Number of functional areas wherein ind_id_left and ind_id_right both worked (not necessarily at the same time) prior to co-founding the focal startup
same_funct_area_time	dummy	Equals 1 if ind_id_left and ind_id_right worked inf the same functional area in the past and their spells overlapped at least one year, and 0 otherwise
same_funct_area_time_nr	int64	Number of functional areas wherein ind_id_left and ind_id_right both worked (with at least one year of overlap) prior to co-founding the focal startup
same_funct_area_time_last_shared_yr	float64	When the focal cofounders worked in the same functional area during the same time (even if their spells don’t overlap perfectly), this variable indicates the last year when they worked together. When the value is equal or greater than “min_cofounding_year_both” (the year the yco-founded the real/conterfactual startup), this variable indicates that focal cofounders worked in the same functional area at the time of founding.
same_edu	dummy	Equals 1 if ind_id_left and ind_id_right studied at the same institution in the past and 0 otherwise
same_edu_nr	int64
same_edu_time	dummy	Equals 1 if ind_id_left and ind_id_right studied at the same institution in the past and their spells overlapped at least one year, and 0 otherwise
same_edu_time_nr	int64
same_edu_time_last_shared_yr	float64	When the focal cofounders co-attended education during the same time (even if their spells don’t overlap perfectly), this variable indicates the last year when they worked together. When the value is equal or greater than “min_cofounding_year_both” (the year they co-founded the real/conterfactual startup), this variable indicates that focal cofounders were co-attending education at the time of founding.
same_isced_field	dummy	Equals 1 if ind_id_left and ind_id_right studied programs in the same ISCED field in the past and 0 otherwise
same_isced_field_nr	int64
same_isced_field_time	dummy	Equals 1 if ind_id_left and ind_id_right studied programs in the same ISCED field in the past and their spells overlapped at least one year, and 0 otherwise
same_isced_field_time_nr	int64
same_isced_field_time_last_shared_yr	float64	When the focal cofounders studied in the same ISCED field during the same time (even if their spells don’t overlap perfectly), this variable indicates the last year when they worked together. When the value is equal or greater than “min_cofounding_year_both” (the year they co-founded the real/conterfactual startup), this variable indicates that focal cofounders were studying in the same ISCED field at the time of founding.
same_study_time	dummy	Equals 1 if the spells wherein both entrepreneurs attained education (at any level, in any organization) overlap in at least one year.
same_work_time	dummy	Equals 1 if the spells wherein both entrepreneurs worked (for any company, in any role) overlap in at least one year.
last_exp_shared	string	For entrepreneur dyads who shared an employer in the past (same_org=1), this variable indicates whether the shared employer was the last working experience prior to cofounding (real or counterfactual) —i.e., the entrepreneur had no other job between the shared one and the cofounded firm. Values are: ‘both’ if the entrepreneurs in the dayd had no other work experience between the shared one and the cofounding; ‘left’ (‘right’) if only the left (right) entrepreneur had no other work experience between the shared one and the cofounding; and ‘none’ if for no entrepreneur the shared experience was the last one prior to cofounding.
hires_5y_left	float64	Number of distinct new people who joined the “left” startup within the first five years after the founding
workforce_5y_left	float64	Number of distinct people who worked at the “left” startup by the end of the fifth year
hires_5y_right	float64	Number of distinct new people who joined the “right” startup within the first five years after the founding
workforce_5y_right	float64	Number of distinct people who worked at the “right” startup by the end of the fifth year
ongoing_left	dummy	Equals 1 if the “left” cofounder’s role in the focal startup is ongoing (at the time of data collection, ca. 2020)
ongoing_right	dummy	Equals 1 if the “right” cofounder’s role in the focal startup is ongoing (at the time of data collection, ca. 2020)
same_fut_org_id_nr	int64	Number of companies where both focal entrepreneurs (‘left’ and ‘right’) worked after the focal dyad, either as employees or as cofounders
same_fut_org_id_cofound_nr	int64	Number of companies co-founded by the focal entrepreneurs (‘left’ and ‘right’) after the focal dyad
age_left	float64	Age of the left entrepreneur, ind_id_left, at the time of cofounding (real or counterfactual)
age_right	float64	Age of the right entrepreneur, ind_id_right, at the time of cofounding (real or counterfactual)
operating_revenue_cum_3yr_left	float64	Operating revenue (Turnover) of the “left” startup. In euros, cumulative over the first 3 years since incorporation. Source: Orbis.
operating_revenue_cum_3yr_right	float64	Operating revenue (Turnover) of the “right” startup. In euros, cumulative over the first 3 years since incorporation. Source: Orbis.
p_l_before_tax_cum_3y_left	float64	Profit/Loss before tax of the “left” startup, in eur; cumulative over the first 3 years since incorporation. Source: Orbis.
p_l_before_tax_cum_3y_right	float64	Profit/Loss before tax of the “right” startup, in eur; cumulative over the first 3 years since incorporation. Source: Orbis.
net_income_cum_3yr_left	float64	Profit/Loss for period (=Net income) of the “left” startup, in euros; cumulative over the first 3 years since incorporation. Source: Orbis.
net_income_cum_3yr_right	float64	Profit/Loss for period (=Net income) of the “right” startup, in euros; cumulative over the first 3 years since incorporation. Source: Orbis.
operating_revenue_cum_5yr_left	float64	Operating revenue (Turnover) of the “left” startup. In euros, cumulative over the first 5 years since incorporation. Source: Orbis.
operating_revenue_cum_5yr_right	float64	Operating revenue (Turnover) of the “right” startup. In euros, cumulative over the first 5 years since incorporation. Source: Orbis.
p_l_before_tax_cum_5y_left	float64	Profit/Loss before tax of the “left” startup, in eur; cumulative over the first 5 years since incorporation. Source: Orbis.
p_l_before_tax_cum_5y_right	float64	Profit/Loss before tax of the “right” startup, in eur; cumulative over the first 5 years since incorporation. Source: Orbis.
net_income_cum_5yr_left	float64	Profit/Loss for period (=Net income) of the “left” startup, in euros; cumulative over the first 5 years since incorporation. Source: Orbis.
net_income_cum_5yr_right	float64	Profit/Loss for period (=Net income) of the “right” startup, in euros; cumulative over the first 5 years since incorporation. Source: Orbis.